[IP] Gates Interview Part Four: Communists and DRM
This is from a 4 part interview from http://www.gizmodo.com/ . BTW
I find Gizmodo a good source for gadget news djf
THURSDAY, JAN 13 2005
Gates Interview Part Four: Communists and DRM
filed under Portable Media
This is the final segment of our interview with Microsoft Chairman Bill
Gates, where we discuss why Creative Commons advocates aren't (or are?)
communists, and why Microsoft feels their DRM offers the best of both
worlds.
Gizmodo: When you talked to CNet (I believe that was yesterday), you sort of
ticked off some of the blog world with some of the comments... a specific
comment that was made, about some of the IP advocates?people that are
advocating more... not necessarily open source, but Creative Commons and
things like that. A less restrictive IP environment. You made an analogy and
called them "communist."
Do you feel that's necessarily a fair judgment to make, to call those people
'communists,' as opposed to someone who adopts DRM as maybe... a
'capitalist?' (I don't know what you're thinking the opposite would be).
Gates: No, no, no. I didn't say those people were 'communists.' I did say
that they're... The question is: what incentive systems should exist in the
world? Call 'communism' a system where [in] the extreme case you believe
that the idea of the individual getting lots of wealth in return for the
things they do... that that's wrong. If you have no incentive for individual
excellence and it's just sort of, you know, banned. All the way up to an
extreme that nobody would believe in, that there's no redistribution of
wealth and that's there's no expiration of rights and control. So you have
this huge spectrum.
All I was saying is that the number of people who are at this extreme who
believe there should be no incentive systems for creative work?there's
actually less of those people. The question seemed to be saying that the
whole support for IP and incentive systems was completely falling apart and
didn't I notice that was a big trend, and I said, no, on the contrary. The
idea of capitalistic incentive: there's actually a higher percentage of the
planet?take all of China?that's involved in capitalistic incentive systems
than there have been in the past. That's all.
Now, reasonable people can disagree about it. There are very few people at
either extreme at this point and there's lots of good debate. Take one point
on the spectrum: that there should be no patent system. Another point in the
debate would be that it should be somewhat improved patent system. I was
just saying that the balance was, 'Hey, let's draw out the creativity of all
the smart people in China,' which the communistic system did not. Let's draw
out the creativity of the people in India. Let's have these great university
systems and the internet letting you find buyers and sellers in much better
ways than ever before. And the world is richer for what's gone on.
Gizmodo: Do you think that it's critical to protect IP?software, music,
whatever... Do you think it's critical to protect those things with DRM or
do you think that, or do you feel like you have to provide the DRM so that
the companies that are distributing that stuff will allow it on your
systems?
Gates: Well, ignore DRM for a second. Should an artist that creates a great
song be paid for that song? That's where you have to start. You don't start
with DRM. DRM is just like a speed bump that reminds you whether you're
staying within the scope of rights that you have or you don't. So you don't
start with DRM. That's like saying, 'Do you believe in speed bumps?' You
have to say, 'Should people drive at 80mph in parking lots?' If you think
they should, then of course you don't like speed bumps.
Gizmodo: I think that's sort of disingenuous. Obviously people think that
artists, or you know, whoever creates software should be paid...
Gates: No, no, no. That's not true! Many people don't believe that.
Absolutely don't believe that.
Gizmodo: You don't think that... Well, okay, I guess that's true. There is
definitely a side of...
Gates: Go back to China in 1950 and say, "Hey, I wrote a song! Pay me!
Please, pay me!" And then you can read, it says right there: you will not be
paid. So yes, views about incentive programs run the entire spectrum.
Gizmodo: Okay, so say that's true. Do you think that DRM as a roadblock, or
Microsoft's role in setting up that roadblock, do you think that's helping
artists get paid? Do you think you're helping people protect their money?
Gates: That's what they think.
Gizmodo: That's what the artists think, you're saying?
Gates: Yes. There are artists who want the software to remind people of
rights boundaries. Are those authors wrong or right? That's up to them. We
don't take a position on that. What we want is to have as much content as
possible available. And available in the most convenient, easy-to-use form.
Gizmodo: So if that's the case, why in the Windows video players?the
[Portable] Media Centers that just came out?why do you have to transcode,
let's say a DivX that you might have downloaded or ripped a DVD that you
purchase. Why do you have to transcode that to Windows [Media] Video before
you copy it?
Gates: That has nothing to do with rights management. Not a thing. We don't
have the codec! We just don't happen to have that codec in the Portable
Media Centers. This has nothing to do with rights management. There's a
discussion whether we should put the DivX codec in. Believe it or not?and
you'll find this ironic?we are both a defendant on intellectual property as
well as saying there's some value on intellectual property, so whenever we
put things in our systems, we have to look at what the IP rights are.
That transcoding has nothing to do with rights management. When we see a
format that we don't natively support, the only thing we can do is transcode
it. So if you say, hey, why don't we natively support it, that's a question
of how many codecs should we put in there? I think the DSPs are actually
rich enough to do some additional formats and maybe in future versions we
should put those formats in. There's nothing philosophical about that;
nothing to do with rights management.
We've always supported, in everything we've done, if something doesn't have
a rights envelope on it, we don't sit there and sniff it and say, 'Oh, it
looks like you've got Mickey Mouse here, and we don't see in our files that
you paid for Mickey Mouse.' We never do anything like that. We support... If
there's no envelope, we do everything fantastic with it.
But if there's an envelope that says 'this should only be done with this,'
you're right: in order to get authors to be willing to put an ever broader
range of content on our platform, we have talked through with them. We have
been in a dialogue?with their representatives in most cases and them
directly in some cases?saying, 'Okay, what kind of envelopes do you want?
And what do you expect?' And sometimes they ask for things that just aren't
realistic that would make things inconvenient for the user.
Gizmodo: What seems to me?what hurts my feelings?I feel like I, as a
customer, want Microsoft to be totally on my side. In that, as far as the
people that are producing things, that might want more DRM and might make it
inconvenient, I don't understand what it necessarily benefits you to help
them.
Gates: No, I've said it exactly. We have your interests totally in mind, but
that includes having... if there's content that can only be there if it's
rights protected, we want to be able to have that content available to you.
And so all we're doing... in no sense are we hurting you, because if they're
willing to make the content available openly, believe me, that's always the
most wonderful thing. It's the simplest.
Take, like, putting soundtracks onto movies using our movie editor thing. If
you have unprotected music you can take slideshows, put music to it,
encapsulate it in the file, mail it around?it works perfectly. If you have
rights management, it's actually painful because the people you're mailing
it to don't have the certificate and it's kind of painful. But because the
artists... some things are only licensed to be in that form, it's hard to
put the track on Movie Maker. But hey, we want you, instead of not having
that content, to have that content. And in the case that the authors decided
it's rights managed, you can decide to stay away from it or to use it. That,
again, is your choice.
We're the guys of empowerment. We want these things to be out there
everywhere. But it wouldn't serve anyone's interests to go out there and
say, 'Hey, by the way, there's no way to remind anyone at any time about any
rights boundaries.'
Take medical records: is it your position that rights management for medical
records is evil?
Gizmodo: 'Evil' is maybe strong. Do you mean in the sense that medical
records shouldn't have any rights management at all?
Gates: Right. We remind people that, like if there's a medical record that
has somebody's AIDS status in it, we have software?which is identical
software?that says, 'Hey, if you're trying to forward to someone,' that,
'No, this is restricted. You can't forward this to someone. They don't have
the right to see this.' It's the notion of 'should there be confidential
information?'
Gizmodo: I think that's a different question.
Gates: It's not different. It's identical technology. It's the same bits!
Gizmodo: No, no, no. I think in calling that evil as opposed to whatever, I
think that still basically comes down to, 'Do you feel like things should be
able to have passwords on them or not?' And of course the answer is 'yes.' I
do think that's reasonable. So I don't think anybody is trying to say 'DRM
is evil.' I think what people are trying to say is that DRM, as sanctioned
by the big players, may be holding back culture as a whole.
Gates: The DRM we put into these systems is used to protect medical records,
and it's used to protect things people want to protect. And so it's hard for
me to say, 'No, because it might be used for media for a way in some people
don't like, I won't put it in there for medical records.' This is a platform
that people can use in any way that they choose.
Gizmodo: I think that's a little close to, 'Think of the children.' I
understand what you're saying, but just because, 'medical records, it's good
to have a password on them' doesn't necessarily mean that when it comes to
music or the things that I purchase that that's also a good thing. I think
it all comes down to what it is you're actually paying for.
Gates: All we're doing is putting it in the platform. So I'm just saying,
can you criticize us for having a platform that allows bits?bits, just bits;
not music, not movies, not medical records, not tech things?to have any
usage restriction for bits. Are we doing a disfavor to the world at large by
saying some of our users, when they choose to?maybe for medical records?they
can limit the accessibility of those bits?
Gizmodo: I think setting up the platform? No, it's not inherently bad. But I
think it does depend on what it is that you're protecting. But I think we
just disagree.
Gates: No, I actually don't think we disagree.
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