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[IP] Nature news item on Proposed change to export regulations and foreign students (fwd)





Begin forwarded message:

From: David Cowhig <david.cowhig@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Date: May 11, 2005 7:34:50 PM EDT
To: dave@xxxxxxxxxx
Subject: Re: [IP]Nature news item on Proposed change to export regulations and foreign students (fwd)


From Nature

News
Nature 435, 4 (5 May 2005) | doi: 10.1038/435004a

Academics stress licence threat to US science
Geoff Brumfiel, Washington

Alarms ring over rules for foreign nationals and 'sensitive' equipment.
Proposed changes to an obscure set of export rules could derail US research, say academic and industrial groups, who are now frantically trying to raise the alarm among scientists.

The modified rules would require academic researchers from countries including China and India to obtain a government licence before operating a wide range of lab equipment in the United States. In a 22 April letter to university department chairs, Judy Franz, executive officer of the American Physical Society, warned that the changes constitute a "potential threat to research". And this week, the National Academies are convening a special workshop to inform scientists of the proposed changes.

At issue is a set of rules governing the export of sensitive technologies. Known as the Export Administration Regulations, the rules are meant to limit the transfer of equipment that could advance the military might of 'countries of concern' — a list that includes China, India, Pakistan and Russia. The regulations also require researchers from these countries working with some items of equipment to obtain a licence from the US Department of Commerce.

Traditionally, universities have thought themselves exempt from the regulations. But a March 2004 report from the Department of Commerce's Office of Inspector General, an independent watchdog, argued that the regulations do apply to academic labs. The report also proposed expanding the criteria under which a licence would be required for using controlled equipment, and applying the rules by country of birth rather than country of citizenship (see Nature 431, 615; 2004).

The 45-page equipment list includes common lab apparatus such as lasers and sealed glove boxes for handling hazardous material. Getting a licence for each potential user would overwhelm lab supervisors, warns Dan Mote, president of the University of Maryland, who is scheduled to talk at a National Academies workshop. "This really is potentially devastating," he says. "It's quite conceivable that this would just bring work to a halt."

Industry is also concerned, according to Cynthia Johnson, director of government relations for Texas Instruments, a major US semiconductor manufacturer. Although industrial labs already have to comply with the rules, the proposal to base the regulations on a researcher's country of birth rather than citizenship could alienate fresh talent, she says.

Department of Commerce officials stress that they are still far from making a final decision about how to modify the rules. "What we are doing is seeking input," says Peter Lichtenbaum, assistant secretary for export administration.

That is why it is important for researchers to weigh in with their objections, says Arthur Bienenstock, a physicist and dean of research and graduate policy at Stanford University in California. "What the Department of Commerce needs is an honest assessment of what it would mean if the inspector-general's rules were implemented," he says. The comment period closes on 27 May.



David Farber wrote:
I am surprised I have received no comments on this djf

Begin forwarded message:

From: David Farber <dave@xxxxxxxxxx>
Date: May 6, 2005 3:11:32 PM EDT
To: Ip <ip@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: [IP] IMPORTANT Proposed change to export regulations and foreign students (fwd)
Reply-To: dave@xxxxxxxxxx


http://www.regulations.gov/freddocs/05-06057.htm

Begin forwarded message:



Date: Thu, 5 May 2005 22:06:34 -0400
From: Jennifer Mankoff <jmankoff@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>

Subject: Fwd: Proposed change to export regulations and foreign students

I thought this proposed legislation might be of interest to us. It would require departments to segregate foreign students, staff, visitors and faculty into a separate group and limit access to the second group. Among other things, access to any device with GPS functionality would be limited,
as would access to research regarding secure software.

Apparently the Dept. of Commerce is taking formal comments through May 27th.
To read the original legislation or post a comment, go to
www.regulations.gov and enter the Key Phrase "Revision and Clarification of
Deemed Export Related Regulatory Requirements."

This is a forward of a note originally sent to the physics department at Berkeley, and then forwarded to the EECS faculty at Berkeley, where I saw it. Please feel forward it to anyone other groups you think might wish to
respond to it.

-jen

> Subject: Urgent: Proposed Dept. of Commerce rules pose threat to
> research
>
> Dear Chairs of PhD-granting Physics Departments,
>
> I am writing to alert you to a possible threat to research in your
> department and to urge you and your faculty to write to the Department
> of Commerce (DOC) in response to its "Advance notice of proposed
> rulemaking" published in the Federal Register on March 28, 2005. The
> notice calls for comments that must be received by May 27, 2005. As
> discussed below, the leadership of the American Physical Society feels > this issue is so important that you should seek to provide thoughtful
> and accurate responses by your university administration, your
> department and individual faculty who might be affected by the
> recommended changes. We believe that your comments can make a
> difference.
>
> The proposed rulemaking by the DOC is a response to recommendations
> presented by the Department's Inspector General. Implementation of
> these recommendations would cause two major changes:
>
> 1) The operation of export-controlled instrumentation by a foreign
> national working in your department would be considered a "deemed
> export", even if that person were engaged in fundamental research. As > a consequence, a license would be required for each affected foreign
> national (student, staff or faculty member) and for each export
> controlled instrument. Typical export-controlled instruments are
> high-speed oscilloscopes, high-resolution lithography systems,
> high-end computers and GPS systems. The situation is complicated by
> the fact that the list of instruments is different for each country.
>
> 2) U.S. organizations would be required to apply for a deemed export > license for students, employees or visitors who are foreign nationals > (but not U. S. naturalized citizens or permanent residents) and have > access to controlled technology if they were born in a country where > the technology transfer in question would require an export license,
> regardless of their most recent citizenship or permanent residency.
> For example, transfer of technology to a Chinese scientist who has
> established permanent residency or citizenship in Canada would be
> treated, for export licensing purposes under the proposed guidelines,
> as a deemed export to a Chinese foreign national. (The list of
> export-controlled instruments for Chinese nationals is particularly
> extensive.)
>
> The Department of Commerce officials who have the responsibility for
> developing new policies and practices in response to the Inspector
> General's recommendations are anxious to determine what the impact of > implementing those recommendations would be. They must seek a balance
> between increases in national security that might result from the
> implementation of the new rules and the decrease in national security
> that would result from negative impacts to US research and
> development.
>
> In initial discussions by the APS Panel on Public Affairs (POPA) it
> was thought likely that consequences would be: a) research would slow > down significantly due to the need to obtain licenses for each foreign > national and, particularly, Chinese student, staff member, postdoc, or
> faculty member using export controlled instrumentation. We believe
> that a separate license would have to be obtained for each instrument.
> In this regard, it should be noted that the relevant DOC office has
> the staff to handle about 800-1000 license requests per year. Present
> times to process a license request are typically 2-3 months. b)
> instruments would have to be secured to ensure that those who do not > have the required license could not use them. c) the number of Chinese > and other foreign national students would decrease markedly as their
> "second-class" status on campus became apparent, thus ultimately
> weakening the nation's science and technology workforce. d) the
> administrative costs of research would rise markedly. e) national
> security would ultimately be weakened as a consequence of a loss of
> leadership in economic and technology development.
>
> We urge you, therefore, to have faculty members who are
> experimentalists respond to the DOC's notice by estimating, as
> accurately as possible, the impact on their research. This would
> involve a determination of which instruments are probably export
> controlled for each nation "represented" by foreign nationals in the > laboratory. (The person responsible for export control administration > in the institution should be able to help with this.) You should then
> send the DOC either a comment from the department as a whole or,
> better yet, individual comments, which state the number and types of > instruments involved, the number of students, staff or postdocs from > each affected nation and the likely number of licenses to be requested
> if the recommendations are implemented. It would also be helpful if
> comments contained a brief description of the type of research
> performed in the laboratory. Estimates of the consequences of three
> months delays in research for each new foreign national student and
> each new export controlled instrument will also be valuable.
>
> You may regard this as rather burdensome, but it is our belief that
> implementation of the Inspector General's recommendations will be far
> more burdensome. Therefore, we hope that you will get every
> experimentalist to reply.
>
> To submit your comments, you can go to www.regulations.gov and enter
> the Key Phrase "Revision and Clarification of Deemed Export Related
> Regulatory Requirements." You can also view the proposed new
> regulation at this site and note what a large effect changing an "and"
> to "or" can make.
>
> Best regards,
> Judy Franz
> Executive Officer
> APS
>







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