[IP] Government Uses Color Laser Printer Technology to Track Documents
Begin forwarded message:
From: Richard Forno <rforno@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Date: November 22, 2004 7:22:27 PM EST
To: Dave Farber <dave@xxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: FW: Government Uses Color Laser Printer Technology to Track
Documents
Not a new thing, but an FYI anyway. :)
-rick
Infowarrior.org
Government Uses Color Laser Printer Technology to Track Documents
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&cid=1093&e=4&u=/pcworld/
20041122
/tc_pcworld/118664
Mon Nov 22, 4:00 AM ET
Jason Tuohey, Medill News Service
WASHINGTON--Next time you make a printout from your color laser printer,
shine an LED flashlight beam on it and examine it closely with a
magnifying
glass. You might be able to see the small, scattered yellow dots printer
there that could be used to trace the document back to you.
According to experts, several printer companies quietly encode the
serial
number and the manufacturing code of their color laser printers and
color
copiers on every document those machines produce. Governments,
including the
United States, already use the hidden markings to track counterfeiters.
Peter Crean, a senior research fellow at Xerox, says his company's laser
printers, copiers and multifunction workstations, such as its
WorkCentre Pro
series, put the "serial number of each machine coded in little yellow
dots"
in every printout. The millimeter-sized dots appear about every inch on
a
page, nestled within the printed words and margins.
"It's a trail back to you, like a license plate," Crean says.
The dots' minuscule size, covering less than one-thousandth of the page,
along with their color combination of yellow on white, makes them
invisible
to the naked eye, Crean says. One way to determine if your color laser
is
applying this tracking process is to shine a blue LED light--say, from a
keychain laser flashlight--on your page and use a magnifier.
Crime Fighting vs. Privacy
Laser-printing technology makes it incredibly easy to counterfeit money
and
documents, and Crean says the dots, in use in some printers for decades,
allow law enforcement to identify and track down counterfeiters.
However, they could also be employed to track a document back to any
person
or business that printed it. Although the technology has existed for a
long
time, printer companies have not been required to notify customers of
the
feature.
Lorelei Pagano, a counterfeiting specialist with the U.S. Secret
Service,
stresses that the government uses the embedded serial numbers only when
alerted to a forgery. "The only time any information is gained from
these
documents is purely in [the case of] a criminal act," she says.
John Morris, a lawyer for The Center for Democracy and Technology, says,
"That type of assurance doesn't really assure me at all, unless there's
some
type of statute." He adds, "At a bare minimum, there needs to be a
notice to
consumers."
If the practice disturbs you, don't bother trying to disable the
encoding
mechanism--you'll probably just break your printer.
Crean describes the device as a chip located "way in the machine, right
near
the laser" that embeds the dots when the document "is about 20
billionths of
a second" from printing.
"Standard mischief won't get you around it," Crean adds.
Neither Crean nor Pagano has an estimate of how many laser printers,
copiers, and multifunction devices track documents, but they say that
the
practice is commonplace among major printer companies.
"The industry absolutely has been extraordinarily helpful [to law
enforcement]," Pagano says.
According to Pagano, counterfeiting cases are brought to the Secret
Service,
which checks the documents, determines the brand and serial number of
the
printer, and contacts the company. Some, like Xerox, have a customer
database, and they share the information with the government.
Crean says Xerox and the government have a good relationship. "The U.S.
government had been on board all along--they would actually come out to
our
labs," Crean says.
History
Unlike ink jet printers, laser printers, fax machines, and copiers fire
a
laser through a mirror and series of lenses to embed the document or
image
on a page. Such devices range from a little over $100 to more than
$1000,
and are designed for both home and office.
Crean says Xerox pioneered this technology about 20 years ago, to
assuage
fears that their color copiers could easily be used to counterfeit
bills.
"We developed the first (encoding mechanism) in house because several
countries had expressed concern about allowing us to sell the printers
in
their country," Crean says.
Since then, he says, many other companies have adopted the practice.
The United States is not the only country teaming with private industry
to
fight counterfeiters. A recent article points to the Dutch government as
using similar anticounterfeiting methods, and cites Canon as a company
with
encoding technology. Canon USA declined to comment.
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