CVE-2007-4600 - Mathcad Protect Worksheet Vulnerability
Mathcad Security Vulnerability Briefing - CVE-2007-4600
Synopsis of Vulnerability
==========================
The ?Protect Worksheet? functionality, used to protect sections Mathcad sheets
from alterations, in versions 12 through 14 is easily bypassed allowing access
to the protected data due to the implementation of the file format used to save
the files.
Background on Mathcad
======================
Mathcad (http://www.ptc.com/appserver/mkt/products/home.jsp?k=3901) is used to
perform, document and share calculation and design work. The unique Mathcad
visual format and scratchpad interface integrate standard mathematical
notation, text and graphs in a single worksheet - making Mathcad ideal for
knowledge capture, calculation reuse, and engineering collaboration.
Vulnerable Software Versions
=============================
Mathsoft, Mathcad 12
Mathsoft, Mathcad 13
Mathsoft, Mathcad 13.1
PTC, Mathcad 14
Running on Microsoft, Windows 2000, Service Pack 4
Running on Microsoft, Windows XP, Service Pack 2
Impact
=======
Access Vector: Locally exploitable.
Access Complexity: Low.
Authentication: Not required to exploit.
Impact type: Provides unauthorised access. Allows partial
confidentiality, integrity, and availability violation. Allows unauthorised
disclosure of information.
Description of Vulnerability
=============================
According to Mathcad?s online help:
?When distributing worksheets, you may wish to restrict user access to most
regions. Rather than locking an area, you may opt instead to use worksheet
protection.
The intent of file protection is to prevent other users from opening the
worksheet in a text editor and editing its contents by hand. The allowed file
formats are either binary (XMCDZ, MCD) or output-only (RTF, HTML). With file
protection enabled, you can only alter the contents of a worksheet from
Mathcad. You can create, edit, and delete regions within the worksheet with no
restrictions.?
The XMCDZ file format is not a true binary format. It is the standard Mathcad
.XMCD XML sheet, which has been GZIPPED. For this reason it is a simple matter
to get the original plain text XML sheet out of the file, using an archive
utility.
Once the XML file has been extracted, within the <editor> tag there will be a
<protection> tag. This will look like:
<protection protection-level="low" password="XZEdIlJPXZxa1CQRKn6Sfw=="/>
There are 2 components to this tag; the level of restrictions places upon the
sheet and also an optional password needed for un-protecting the sheet.
There are 3 protection-level settings, high, medium and low. These correspond
to Editing, Content and File protection, respectively. For example if a sheet
was saved with Editing protection enabled, then the <protection> tag would have
a "high" protection level. This can easily be changed with a text editor before
the sheet is reopened in Mathcad.
The password is hashed, however the same hash is always produced for a given
string. For example "XZEdIlJPXZxa1CQRKn6Sfw==" represents the string
"password", and could be used in any sheet.
Due to these limitations the entire <protection> tag could be removed, the
level of protection could be reduced, or the password could be changed.
The MCD format is a proprietary binary type format. It was used in older
version of the application, before the XML format became the standard. However
if this format is selected from a newer version of the application, a warning
is generated stating that ?If your worksheet is saved as a Mathcad 11 file,
some features and calculations may not be preserved?. Selecting either Mathcad
11 or Mathcad 12 MCD file formats produces a warning about potential loss of
functionality.
The sheets do include an MD5 hash, however this is only used internally by the
application to determine if the sheet has been changed outside of Mathcad and
the equations require recalculating. Changing the <protection> tag in the XML
file will not be detected by the application, and no exceptions will be raised.
Workaround
===========
None.
Proof of Concept
=================
None required.